On September 1, 2009, a new Power of Attorney law went into effect in New York State. The new law (Section 5-1513 of the General Obligations Law) makes significant changes to the use of Powers of Attorney in New York. Although the new statutory short form Power of Attorney must be used after September 1, 2009, it is important to note that the new law does NOT affect the validity of any Power of Attorney which was executed prior thereto and must be honored by third parties to which they are presented.
What you need to know Powers of Attorney (POAs) are a critical part of every estate plan. They are effective and useful for estate and financial planning and to avoid a costly, intrusive and protracted guardianship proceeding in the event of mental incapacity. While effective and useful, Powers of Attorney are potent documents which can grant myriad powers to agents, including the ability to enter into gifting transactions which can thwart the principal’s estate plan. The principal has the right to delegate broad powers to the agent but may not understand the implications and ramifications of the document. This is the reason why the document should not be executed absent advice of a qualified estate planning attorney. The Power of Attorney law was amended partly in response to abuses which have occurred (and the risk of abuse) by agents or attorneys-in-fact. Among the major changes or revisions include the following:
1. The document must be signed, dated and duly acknowledged by both the principal and the agent. The POA is not valid until the agent signs the document, which can be any time after the principal has signed it, even after the incapacity of the principal. If two or more agents are designated to act together, the POA is not effective until all agents have duly executed the document. Some clients ask us to hold onto their original POAs so that they cannot be used until the need arises. The change in the law presents a further opportunity for attorneys in certain circumstances to hold onto original POAs for later execution by agents pending
the principal’s incapacity or need.
2. To give the agent the ability to make gifts in excess of the annual exclusion amount ($13,000, or $26,000 for married couples, in 2009), such authorization must be made in a separate document called a “Statutory Major Gifts Rider” (“SMGR”). The SMGR must be executed simultaneously with the POA before two witnesses in the same manner as the execution of a Will. The SMGR, which can authorize the agent to make gifts to himself, must be annexed to the POA. However, if the principal had a custom of gifting to individuals and charities, gifts up to $500 can be made by the agent without a SMGR.
3. The amendment includes an explanation of the agent’s fiduciary duties. A notice is added to the form which explains the agent’s role, fiduciary obligations and legal limitations on his authority.
4. In compliance with HIPAA privacy rules, the phrase “health care billing and payment matters” has been added to the phrase “records, reports and statements” so that an agent can examine, question and pay the principal’s medical bills. This does not give the agent the power to make health care decisions on behalf of the principal. That grant of authority must still be made in a separate health care proxy.
5. The form includes an option to designate another individual to monitor the agent’s actions. The monitor is given the power to request that the agent provide the former with a copy of the POA and copies of all records documenting transactions made by the agent on behalf of the principal. This holds the agent accountable for any and all actions. In addition, when an agent presents a POA to a financial institution, the latter may demand an affidavit that the POA is in full force and effect. In the past, many financial institutions have been reluctant to accept
POAs. The new law requires all third parties to accept a properly executed statutory short form POA unless there is reasonable cause not to. In addition, a separate section of the General Obligations Law now provides for a special proceeding for a court order compelling a third party to accept the POA.
6. The principal may permit the agent to be compensated for reasonable expenses incurred in carrying out his or her duties. The principal may define “reasonable compensation” within the document.
7. The POA revokes any previously executed powers of attorney, and survives the principal’s subsequent incapacity, unless otherwise stated in the document. Although the new statutory short form POA is much more extensive than the prior form, both the new form and the law provide many more safeguards for the principal and instructions for the agent.
If you executed your POA prior to September 1, 2009 and would like us to prepare the new POA for you, please contact our office for a complimentary consultation.